Onga omunamakuti omugundjuka nondi na ohokwe nonsteyo mmuunamapyakuti, onda tula ondjodhi yandje maanafaalama nonakuyiwa yawo melunduluko lyonkalo yombepo.

Oshikondo shuunamapya moNamibia oshi li moshiponga sho onkalo yuupyu yi li pombanda moka mu na iikukuta oyindji ya kwatakanithwa netengeneko lyelunduluko lyonkalo yombepo. Aantu oyendji moshilongo oyi ikolelelea muunafaalama uushona, mboka wi ikwatelela unene komuloka. Oshilongo ohashi mono konyala omvula yoomilimeta 350 omumvo kehe. Oshitopolwa shoka sha dhengwa unene shi iwitikile osho shoka shuunamapya omolwa uukukutu osho wo ompumbwe yomeya. Natango, evi olindji moNamibia epu, ano li na evi unene, sha hala okutya oli na iitungithi tayi yalulwa osho wo okukwata omeya kwa nkundipala. Onkene, iimeno oyindji otayi mene nuudhigu, ndele kashi shi ashike medhina lyomongo gwa pumba, ashike ompumbwe we yiitungithi noonzo dhimwe ngaashi nitrogen nayilwe.

Eteyo lyiimeno olya gumwa komuloka ngoka tagu tengaatenga uule woomvula dhontumba dha za ko miitopolwa yokuushayi (unene tuu moshitopolwa shetu shaMusati). Iimeno mbyoka hayi tu pe iikulya yetu – Omahangu, mbyoka hayi vulu oku idhidhimikila omavi osho wo uututwe wontumba nayo otayi ende tayi kanitha oonkondo dhawo kashona nakashona. Oonzo dhetu ndhoka hadhi zi momithitu ngashingeyi odha longithwa sha pitilila ongoshizemo shompumbwe yiikuni noopaala yi li pombanda. 

Eshunopevi ndika lyeyungulo lyiimeno molwa omuloka gwa nkundipala nomumbwe yiikuni noopala ya ya pombanda moshitopolwa shaMusati otashi pula ku pekaapekwe omikalo dhimwe dhi ili kuunafaalama opo ku taambwe ko elunduluko lyonkalo yombepo.

Onkene, opo ku ilongekidhilwe omalunduluko gonkalo yombepo osha simana noonkondo opo uunamapya moNamibia wu kuthe oonkatu ndhoka tadhi opalele. Etaambeko lyuunamapya tau kalekwa po olya simana kokukale ka po iikulya yin a ongushu niitungithi unenene kaanafaalama aashona. Neuveko ndyoka ndi na nkene iitopolwa yomoIndia mbyoka ya kukuta ya kala noku taamba ko elunduluko lyonkalo yombepo, onda dhimbulula kutya omukalo ngoka tagu longithwa moshitopolwa shaMusati nomoNamibia alihe koonono, gwi ikwatelelea unene muunamapya wa egama ombinga yimwe, ogu li moshiponga oshinene.

Onda li nelago sho nda mono ompito yoku inika komilungu naanafaalama Aaindia mboka ya taamba ko elongitho lyomukalo gwuunamapyakuti okuudha nontseyo ndjoka nda teke mo oya li tayi longo oshindji noyi na ongushu yoku tapwa ko. Sho onkalo yombepo tayi lunduluka ngaaka, aanafaalama naya longithe omikalo ndhika dha lumbakanithwa ndhoka tadhi idhidhimikile onkalo yombepo. 

 Uunamapyakuti osha hala kutya omukalo moka uunamapya nomakuti ge li moshimpungu shimwe shevi. Omukalo nguka ohagu yungula nawa omolwa oshizemo shiimeno mbyoka hayi kunwa ethimbo kehe yi tape omeya okuza muule osho wo okuya po noonkalo yomudhingoloko yi li nawa. Natango, ohgu gandja wo iikulya yaantu niinamwenyo, okukandula po oompumbwe dhaantu dha yooloka, okuhwepopeka ongushu yevi, okugandja iilonga kaantu yokiitopolwa yokuushayi, nayilwe. Omiti ohadhi longitha omidhi dhawo oonde okukonga omeya mevi ngoka taga longithwa pethimbo lyoshikukuta.
Uunamapyakuti owa dhimbululwa kutya ogwo omukalo gwokukwata ko ocarbon omolwa shi hayi vulu okulongithwa muunamapya osho wo moopolohalama dhokukunununa omiti. Omukalo nguka ohagu eta ekwato ko olindji lyocarbon, moka ekwatoko lyocarbon li li pokati  ko 1.5 to 3.5 Mg C ha−1 yr−1.

Uunamapyakuti nawo oyi na mo wo olunyala lwaa li meuwkililo ngele tashi ya kekwato ko lyocarbon oshoka ohau kwathele mokushonopeka ondjundo ndjoka ya humbatithwa omakuti gopaushitwe, natango oyi na wo ompito onene, hamolwaashoka osho omukalo gwelongitho lyevi lyi na ocarbon yi li pombanda ashike omolwaashoka pe na oshitopolwa oshindji shoka shi li moshiponga kelunduluko lyelongitho lyevi. Omukalo ngoka hagu pitike aanafaalama ya likole onitrogen ndjoka ya pumbiwa kiimeno yawo.

Onkene ondi ilongo kutya uunafaalama monahiya niikulya ya gwana owu li momake guunamapyakuti, ndjoka yi li oshitopolwa shomukalo gwokulonga noondunge ngele tashi ya kuunamapya.

Nonando uunamapyakuti oshinima shethimbo ele li li komeho, otashi vulu okuhwepopaleka onkalo yaanafaalama yetu. Omukalo nguka ohagu vulu okugandja iilikolomwa nomayakulo kuushayi nomoondoolopa oshoka omiti niimeno ayihe oya kwatelwa mo.

Muuyuni, oopolojeka ndhoka tadhi shi enditha nawa odha kwatela mo; Agrisilviculture, agrisilvihorti, agrihorti, silvopasture & silvihorticulture. 

Etaambeko lyomikalo ndhika muunafaalama wetu uushona otaku eta uuwanawa oundji, paliko osho wo pamudhingoloko, moka mu na okulikola iiyimati oyindji notagu ulike gu vule omakuti nenge uunamapya wi ithikamena.
Onkene, ondi inekela kutya okulumbakanitha nokutaamba ko omukalo nguka moondungethaneko dhetu otaku yambula po onkalo yaantu yetu.

• Paulina Pomwene Fendinat okwa mana eilongo lye koCCS-Haryana Agricultural University (India) with MSc  moForestry. Ota monika ko-email paulinapawa@gmail.com.